Death Penalty Essay - 1050 Words

The death penalty or capital punishment is an issue that has sparked controversy and anxiety in today’s society. Capital punishment refers to â€Å"a sentence of death by execution†, for the crimes committed. In order to receive the death penalty an individual needs to commit certain types of crimes known as â€Å"capital crimes† or â€Å"capital offences†. Capital crimes include treason, perjury, kidnapping, rape, terrorism and murder. Today, executions are carried out by either a lethal injection or electrocution. Countries like the United States can allow the convict to have a degree of â€Å"amnesty† by letting the convict choose other methods such as a gas chamber, hanging or even a firing squad. Although a vast majority are against the death penalty .†¦show more content†¦For example: the US has a prison of approximately 2.2 million but only 3,000 are condemned to death (amnesty). Even is all of these prisoners on death row were to be executed, it would make no â€Å"discerning difference† in making the society safer or even in the entire prison population. Also, the death penalty makes mistakes by giving the condemned unfair trials, and just looking at the crimes he/she has committed. One of the most controversial cases in the history of death penalty was the case of Phillip Workman. Phillip Workman, aged 53, was executed by lethal injection in Tennessee on May 9, 2007. Despite crucial evidence in which a key state witness lied at his trial and that Lieutenant Ronald Oliver, the police officer that Phillip Workman was convicted of killing, may have been accidentally shot by a fellow officer (amnesty). Even though there was evidence on behalf of him, the jury still processed the execution by giving him death row for 25 years and then the execution. An individual whose life has been put on execution may still have salvation by giving the convict other types of punishments. By putting these individuals in an intense punishment, such as serving imprisonment in jail for many years or doing extensive community service nonstop daily may offer another solution rather than being sentenced to death. Life imprisonment can act as another solution instead of using the deathShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

The French Revolution And The Rise Of Napoleon - 1806 Words

Part A. Identification and Evaluation of Sources This historical investigation explores the question: How did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power and what improvements did he create in France during his reign? During Napoleon’s reign, he had made changes to the education system along with the changes he made in the French government. This investigation focuses on the post-French Revolution period and Napoleon’s rise to power. An evaluation of the first source will be on John C. Davenport’s The French Revolution and the Rise of Napoleon, published in 2011. The origin of this source is an American historian and member of the American Historical Society, Society for History Education, and the National council for the Social Studies. Although there are few works dating back to the late 1700s, Davenport gives an accurate insight from a historian’s perspective regarding events that occurred during and after the French Revolution as well as Napoleon Bonaparte’s reign. The purpose of this source is to study the cause and effect of an important figure, in this case, Napoleon, that changed the French society as well as its government. The source also explores the changes he made that affected the countries abroad. The value of the source is a fair study of Napoleon’s role in the French Revolution and how that affected his reputation as a military leader. Even though this source is neithe r a primary source nor a firsthand account, it is still a valuable source for historians looking forShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The French Revolution777 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution was certainly one of the most important events in Europe’s political history and highlighted the importance of the new age of Enlightenment. The outcomes of the Revolution were many: its short comings led to the rise of the Napoleonic Regime and Robespierre’s reign through terror led other European revolutionaries to step back in fear. However, whilst the revolution failed to achieve all it had aimed to do; it did overthrow its monarchy, creating the first true European RepublicRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution911 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution was a major turning point in all of European history. The old regime was destroyed and a new order came to be. We will talk about the causes of the revolution, when it ended, and if it was violent, Napoleon, w hat happened after his defeat, and some other leaders, and movies I have seen about the Revolution and how they were correct, plus other things I want to learn. The immediate cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the near collapse of the French budget. On theRead MoreThe French Revolution And Napoleonic Years1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution and Napoleonic years are very important to European history because they mark a time of great change and transformation, a time when Europe was in the thrall s of its rise to modernity. Two of the aspects of modernity brought to light during the French Revolution were the increasing importance of the middle class and the idea, though not necessarily the practice, of political liberty. However, some of strides made in France toward modern liberty were almost completely erasedRead MoreThe French Revolution : A Stepping Stone Into The Future878 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution: A Stepping-Stone Into the Future The French Revolution of 1789 started simple because a group, the National Assembly of France, acting as representation for the people of France, attempted to help the struggling peasants by limiting of the monarchy’s power. The result was complete chaos: The end of French monarchy, the death of the king and queen, the Reign of Terror and Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power (French Revolution). These events all played a role in setting the nationRead MoreRousseaus Impact On The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment philosophers rippled throughout the globe, however, they seemed to have the most interesting effect on France. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a major contributor to Frances political and social structure post-French revolution. These ideas weren’t the only triggers for the French Revolution. A combination of strangling taxes, economic disparity, and an impotent ruler led to the development of an intense need for reform in France. â€Å"F rance spent an enormous amount of money during the American war whichRead MoreThe Ultimate Goal Of Napoleon I, Emperor Of The French Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesHow have historians tried to evaluate the ultimate goal of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French? With such a variety of perspectives, there is no single theory that can fully answer the breadth of the question. Instead, kaleidoscopes of opinions that span centuries from Napoleon’s reign to contemporary research give us the best analysis of his ambitions. No matter the era, historian’s opinions of Napoleon shift between admiring his achievements, in varying contexts of establishing order or reorganizingRead MoreThe Mistakes of the Brilliant General, Napoleon Bonaparte Essays1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe assumption held by many that Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant general and an exceptional leader is debatable when the Frenchman’s many mistakes are revealed. Bonaparte was born to a wealthy family wi th previous political connections (Wilde 1). He entered a military academy at only nine years old and entered the French Army Artillery Regiment seven years later (Wilde 1). As Bonaparte moved up in the military ranks, he made himself known with his political opinions and his successful leadershipRead MoreThe French Revolution1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolutions Moderate Phase lasted from 1789 to 1792, in time the Third Estate got a lot of power through the people of France. A constitution was written by the National Assembly for France that worked to change multiple things that people in the Third Estate found wrong with the French government, and monarchy was one of the main concerns addressed in the constitution. For a considerably long deal of time prior to the revolution, All of France was separated into different provinces, whichRead MoreThe Weaknesses of the Directory Was the Main Reason for Napoleons Rise to Power1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe weaknesses of th e directory was the main reason for Napoleons rise to power. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to the position of the most powerful man in France by the end of 1799. This occurred after the Coup of Brumaire during the 18/19th Brumaire of year 8, where Sieyà ¨s and Ducos, two directors, attempted to use Napoleon to overthrow the current government in order to create a new, better constitution. Napoleon, after making a speech to the council of ancients, then attempted to challenge theRead MoreImpact Of The French Revolution872 Words   |  4 Pages How the French Revolution Impacted the World The French Revolution completely revolutionized France and the world around it. Not only did it change the way people were governed, it spread the beliefs of nationalism and made average citizens feel pride in their country again. The Revolution also enabled Napoleon to rise to power and further spread nationalism and Enlightenment ideas across Europe. The revolution in France inspired countries around the world to take belief into their own ideas

Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory

Question: Discuss about the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Answer: Introduction: Capital budgeting is a financial planning process that firms use to appraise investments. The process analyses amounts the company is investing and the return that the company will get from a project. Capital budgeting uses the following methods to calculate cash inflows of the investment to the company; payback period, internal rate of return, net present value and discounted cash inflow. The process involves assumptions that enable projections of cash inflows and discounting rate that will prevail in the future. Sensitivity analysis is a technique that analyses results of an investment when an independent value changes (Tsanakas and Millossovich, 2015). Sensitivity analysis enables calculation of change of independent variable when a change in dependent variables occurs. Sensitivity analysis generally helps evaluate how sensitive inflows are to change in investment outlay and economical factors like discount rates, tax etc. In corporate finance management, sensitive analysis involv es analyzing how individual input when making capital budgeting decisions influence NPV, IRR or other outflows. Sensitive analysis is an important concept in corporate financial management. The concept helps managers to know what will happen to the financial decision that they make when some assumptions change. This happens when the assumptions made when appraising investments are unreliable. In this case, the manager is able to use sensitivity analysis before making a capital budgeting decision and can know how sensitive certain an input is and the impact of the assumption not holding. Secondly, the manager is able to know how output is dependent on each input. This will allow manager to make an informed decision and get prepare of the expected results when an input changes. Lastly, the sensitivity enables mangers to calculate risk associated with the project. Mangers are able to calculate the likelihood of achieving the expected results or not getting them. Calculation of risk improves the information that the manager has when making a capital budgeting decision. In general, sensitivity anal ysis concept is important for it improves decision making by availing more accurate information and also severs as an investigative tool when appraising an investment. Sensitive analysis have drawbacks too when making capital budgeting decisions. The metrics used in sensitivity analysis is esoteric. Few managers are able to interpret the metrics causing inability to use the information. This leads to information loss in the process discrediting the purpose o the analysis. Secondly, sensitive analysis practices lack pace with the growing complexity of the investment world. The standard practices are not updated to meet the growing complexity in the field of financial management. This makes it impossible to use the concept in investigating projects. Lastly, the sensitivity analysis concept lacks approval for efficiency when appraising and estimating in the discipline and are easily omitted. This undermines the concept reducing it acceptability as an investigative tool in capital budgeting decisions. Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis is a evaluating technique of an investment that analysis several expected return. The concept involves evaluating capital budgeting decisions by creating another scenario to compare returns. The analyses are done on different variables to evaluate inflows of an investment when variables are changed. Inputs are used differently to produce different possible return in an investment. This approach gives a financial manager a wide view of the possible returns from an investment. This informs the manager on the expected returns when inputs go below the actual level and when they exceed. Analysis is done for the capital budgeting decision when the input factors are unfavorable and when they are favorable and their likely returns. Scenario analysis is carried out in two forms; the first one is the best case or worst case and multiple cases. The best/worst case involves analyzing an investment decision at it minimum or it maximum. This enables managers to know the return fo r extreme cases. Multiple cases involves having several different scenario analysis that multiple inputs to show all possible returns from an investments. Scenario analysis has several benefits to capital budgeting decisions. This concept increase preparedness when making a capital budgeting decisions. The concept allows several evaluations of different outcomes enhancing preparedness to different return when certain factors and inputs prevail. This ensures that all potential problems are spotted and considered in advance. Managers making capital budgeting decisions analyze investment differently making it easy for them to prepare for any uncertainty or risk in the proposed investment. In addition, the concept enables managers to think about the future enabling brainstorming of the investment before implementation (Meyer and Kiymaz, 2015). Secondly, scenario analysis concept enhances generation of investment strategy. The concept outlines several combinations of inputs for several inflows. Managers are able to choose the optimal input for optimal returns. Choosing from the best combination of input enables capital budgeting decision to be based on the best strategies that will result to maximum return on an investment. Thirdly, the scenario analysis concept induces efficiency on the decision made on capital budgeting. The concept allows different combination of resources in the investment to maximize wealth creation to the shareholders. These helps managers to make decisions that use the least input and yield high returns. This enhances efficiency in the company enabling achievement of the financial management goals. Lastly, the scenario analysis concept enables embracing of u8ncertainity and risk when making capital budgeting decisions. Decision makers are able to analyze different scenarios of the same investment. This technique enables undestandi9ng of the uncertainty and embracing them in the implementation of the proposed investment. Capital Asset Pricing Model and Capital Market Line Capital asset pricing model is a financial model that is used to determine if additional investment is appropriate (Weston, 2008). The model determines the rate of returns required in order to make an investment decision to invest. CAPM calculates specific firms expected returns on invested equity (Shapiro, 2005). The model is based on the risk free rate, beta coefficient and expected rate of return. CAPM seeks to explain the relationship between risk and the expected returns to the investing company (Berkman, 2012). It involves the process of measuring systematic risks on investments and calculating the rate that the investment will yield. The CAPM formula is; The model makes an assumption that risk return profile of an investment can be optimized. This is attaining at a point where an investment displays the least level of risk of returns. This point indicates that the risk involved in investing in a particular project is lowest with the return that the company will get. The model assumes that the company making investment decisions based on the aim to maximize returns, price takers, rational and risk averse. These assumptions have to hold in order to Capital Asset pricing model to be accurate. The CAPM is an important model and is majorly used to determine fair price of a proposed investment (Sinha, 2012). Capital Market line is a line that is drawn tangent to in capital asset pricing model representing rates of returns from an efficient investment (Capital asset management, 2001). This efficiency is as a result of optimal risk level and risk free rate of return. The graph is draw as expected returns against standard deviation. CML is the intersection of returns from total market and risk free investment. From the graph showing Capital market line, point L represents a section of investment assets that are free from risk. Point M represents the optimal point where highest expected rate of return has the least risk. At point R has high return that is associated with high risk. Investing at point R would mean the company will have to stand high risk associated with investments at this point. This means that the possibility of the company losing it invested input at this point is very high. It also means that if not risk that occurs, the company can have the highest return within the same during of time. A rational company will invest at point M where the risks are minimum and maximum returns. This point is the optimal point of investment. The market prices are also fair at this point. There exist a lot of similarity between capital asset pricing model and capital market line. First, both models consider level of risk when deciding on investment decision. These models assume that investment decisions are done on rational basis. There are efforts to minimize risk and invest in lowest risky assets (Dobrnszky, n.d.). Second, both models can be used to determine the expected returns to an investment. These models are able to analyze and calculate the expected return on investment. Both models calculate returns that are expected from an investment. These returns help analysts make decision on the best decisions when investing to ensure that investments have maximum returns. Lastly, both models calculate market fair prices. The models produce fair prices in the market that equity can be invested at. These prices enable decision on the amount at which investment can be made. Above these prices, the models dictate that there be a bargain or else not make investment (Julian to, 2013). Apart from similarity, there exist few differences between capital asset pricing model and capital market line. Capital asset pricing model involves investing at an optimal point of risk level and expected return s while capital market line involves investing in a point below return risk free. Another difference is that CAPM is more comprehensive and involves more data in order to calculate an optimal point for investing while CML depends on CAPM to draw an interception to find area below risk free level for investing. This indicates that CML is progress models build ins9ide the CAPM. References Bennouna, K., Meredith, G. and Marchant, T. (2010). Improved capital budgeting decision making: evidence from Canada. Management Decision, 48(2), pp.225-247. Berkman, H. (2012). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: A Revolutionary Idea in Finance!. Abacus, 49, pp.32-35. Capital asset management. (2001). 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Dobrnszky, P. (n.d.). Scenario Analysis in Charge of Model Selection. SSRN Electronic Journal. Julianto, L. (2013). Comparative Study between Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory in Indonesian Capital Market during Period 2008-2012. Asia Pacific Management and Business Application, 2(2), pp.111-119. Meyer, K. and Kiymaz, H. (2015). Sustainability Considerations in Capital Budgeting Decisions: A Survey of Financial Executives. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(2). Nielsen, L. and Vassalou, M. (2006). The instantaneous capital market line. Economic Theory, 28(3), pp.651-664. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009). Financial management. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2002). Capital budgeting. 1st ed. New York, NY: Wiley. Saita, F. (2007). Value at risk and bank capital management. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Shapiro, A. (2005). Capital budgeting and investment analysis. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sinha, R. (2012). Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model Based on the Security Market Line. Adarsh Journal of Management Research, 5(1), p.17. Tsanakas, A. and Millossovich, P. (2015). Sensitivity Analysis Using Risk Measures. Risk Analysis, 36(1), pp.30-48. Weston, J. (2008). Investment Decisions Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Financial Management, 2(1), p.25.